Short Answer Questions

1. Is a word is always represented by a single character in Chinese?
2. Are objects sometimes the subject of a Chinese sentence?
3. Are adjectives usually used with the copula sh?
4. In Chinese Double Object constructions does the Indirect Object normally precede the Direct Object?
5. Can modifiers follow the nouns they modify in Chinese?
6. Can adjectives take objects under certain conditions?
7. Is the sentence final le a verb suffix?
8. What is the negative for the aspect pattern V+le?
9. Do prepositions always come after the verb in Chinese?
10. Where (in what patterns) are measures used?
11. What does the the verb suffix guo indicate?
12. What part of speech is the word bi in Chinese?
13. Identify three verbal suffixes that indicate the aspect of an action in Chinese? Explain specifically what verbal aspects are indicated by each.
14. Besides the tone, name the two parts into which a Chinese syllable is divided?
15. What is a morpheme?
16. What is the maximum number of morphemes a single Chinese syllable represents?
17. How many syllables are represented by a single Chinese character?
18. What is a bound morpheme?
19. What is a compound?
20. Name two possible word structures in Chinese besides the compound.
21. List at least three possible syntactic relationships seen in Chinese compound words.
22. Name two common Chinese suffixes.
23. Why are compounds and phrases difficult to distinguish in Chinese?
24. What are the ways to express the grammatical relations among parts of a Chinese sentence.
25. Name the types of verb complement constructions in which de is used.
26. How are the potential and extent /descriptive complements dintinguished.
27. What two Chinese words can serve as complements in the Simple Directional complement construction?
28. What does the verb suffix zhe indicate?
29. The category of 'full words' (shc) is divided into what two major subgroups?
30. How are nouns defined in Chinese grammer?
31. To which subgroup of 'full words' do nouns belong?
32. To which subgroup of 'full words' do verbs and adjectives (or 'stative verbs') belong?
33. Name some Chinese prepositions other than b and bi.

1. Explain the differences in the structure and meaning between the following three sentences. (Note: SX* = "suffix")
• a) Pnggu t ch le.

apple he/she eat SX*
• b) T ch le y-ge pnggu.

He/she eat SX* one apple
• c) T b pnggu ch le.

He/she ba apple eat SX*
2.  Identify the type of complement construction in each of the following sentences
• a) W kn de hn qngch.

I see very clear(ly)
• b) Wmen zu-hu-q ba.

We walk-back-go (particle indicating suggestion)
• c) W kn-b-jin t.

I see-not-perceive him/her
• d) W kn-jin t le.

I see-perceive him/her (particle indicating change)
• e) Qng kui-y-dinr n-li.

Please quick(ly) pick-up/hold-come (=bring)