*NEW* - Now you can search our entire library online, including many references not available on PubMed. Just click here.
The literature on vesicating agents may provide important clues that will lead to the development of effective countermeasures. The reference library outlined below is an important component of our CounterACT Education and Training program run by Drs. Joshua Gray and Diane Heck.
References cataloged by subject:
Half Mustard References:
Anderson, D. R. (2006). Comparison of rat lung injury following intratracheal administration of sulfur mustard or CEES. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1134
Arroyo, C. M., R. J. Schafer, et al. (2000). "Reactivity of chloroethyl sulfides in the presence of a chlorinated prophylactic: a kinetic study by EPR/spin trapping and NMR techniques." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S7-12. Pubmed ID=11428646
Blaha, M., W. Bowers, Jr., et al. (2000). "Il-1-related cytokine responses of nonimmune skin cells subjected to CEES exposure with and without potential vesicant antagonists." In Vitr Mol Toxicol 13(2): 99-111. Pubmed ID=11031321
Blaha, M., W. Bowers, Jr., et al. (2000). "Effects of CEES on inflammatory mediators, heat shock protein 70A, histology and ultrastructure in two skin models." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S101-8. Pubmed ID=11428619
Bossone, C. A. and B. Smith (2004). Current animal models used in developing antivesicant medical countermeasures: A review. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1069
Braue Jr., E. H., J. S. Graham, et al. (2004). Non-invasive methods for determining lesion depth from vesicant exposure. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1057
Burrows, E. P. (1998). Analysis of chemical warfare agents and their transformation products. Government Reports Announcements & Index (GRA&I).
Castagna, M. P., M. Isidore, et al. (2006). Development, cryopreservation, and therapeutic evaluation of bioengineered skin derived from embryonic stem cells in a C57BL/6 mouse model of cutaneous vesicant injury. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1163
Chatterjee, D., S. Mukherjee, et al. (2003). "Signal transduction events in lung injury induced by 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard analog." J Biochem Mol Toxicol 17(2): 114-21. Pubmed ID=12717745
Chen, X. M., P. J. Gray, et al. (1999). "Differential sensitivity of transcription factors to mustard-damaged DNA." Chem Biol Interact 118(1): 51-67. Pubmed ID=10227578
Cook, J. R. and R. G. Van Buskirk (1997). "A double-label technique that monitors sulfur mustard damage to nuclei and mitochondria of normal human epidermal keratinocytes in vitro." Toxicol Pathol 25(5): 481-6. Pubmed ID=9323838
Das, S. K., D. Chatterjee, et al. (2006). "Decrease in brain POMC mRNA expression and onset of obesity in guinea pigs exposed to 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, a mustard analogue." Biochem Biophys Res Commun 339(1): 55-8. Pubmed ID=16289378
Das, S. K., S. Mukherjee, et al. (2004). Role of Sphingomyelinase in the Mustard Gas Induced Apoptosis in Guinea Pig Lung. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1089
Elsayed, N. M., S. T. Omaye, et al. (1989). "Response of mouse brain to a single subcutaneous injection of the monofunctional sulfur mustard, butyl 2-chloroethyl sulfide (BCS)*." Toxicology 58(1): 11-20. Pubmed ID=2815091
Franke, S. (1967). Textbook of military chemistry. Berlin, West Germany, Military Publisher of the German Democratic Republic.
Gilbert, R. M., S. Rowland, et al. (1975). "Involvement of separate pathways in the repair of mutational and lethal lesions induced by a monofunctional sulfur mustard." Mutat Res 28(2): 257-75. Pubmed ID=166305
Gordon, R. K., A. T. Gunduz, et al. (2004). CEES/HD chemical warfare agent detection in the field using polyurethane immobilized coupled enzymes. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1125
Gray, P. J. (1995). "Sulphur mustards inhibit binding of transcription factor AP2 in vitro." Nucleic Acids Res 23(21): 4378-82. Pubmed ID=7501459
Ha, J. J., A. McMinn, et al. (2006). Hepatocyte growth factor enhances vesicant exposed wound healing. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1153
Han, S., L. A. Espinoza, et al. (2004). "Protection by antioxidants against toxicity and apoptosis induced by the sulphur mustard analog 2-chloroethylethyl sulphide (CEES) in Jurkat T cells and normal human lymphocytes." Br J Pharmacol 141(5): 795-802. Pubmed ID=14769780
Han, S. T., H. L. Xi, et al. (2005). "[Photocatalytic removing of a mustard gas analogue 2-CEES vapor over SO4(2-)/TiO2]." Huan Jing Ke Xue 26(3): 130-4. Pubmed ID=16124485
Hoesel, L. M., P. M.J., et al. (2006). Liposomes containing anti-oxidants prevent pulmonary fibrosis in half-sulfur mustard gas induced lung injury. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1155
Hur, G. H., Y. B. Kim, et al. (1998). "Apoptosis as a mechanism of 2-chloroethylethyl sulfide-induced cytotoxicity." Chem Biol Interact 110(1-2): 57-70. Pubmed ID=9566725
Isidore, M., K. B. Smith, et al. (2006). Pathological differences between mouse ear and back model of cutaneous vesicant injury using 2-chloro-ethyl-ethyl sulfide. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1164
Lawley, P. D. and P. Brookes (1967). "Interstrand cross-linking of DNA by difunctional alkylating agents." J Mol Biol 25(1): 143-60. Pubmed ID=5340530
Martyanov, I. N. and K. J. Klabunde (2003). "Photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide over TiO2." Environ Sci Technol 37(15): 3448-53. Pubmed ID=12966994
Matijasevic, Z., M. L. Precopio, et al. (2001). "Repair of sulfur mustard-induced DNA damage in mammalian cells measured by a host cell reactivation assay." Carcinogenesis 22(4): 661-4. Pubmed ID=11285203
McClintock, S. D., L. M. Hoesel, et al. (2006). "Attenuation of half sulfur mustard gas-induced acute lung injury in rats." J Appl Toxicol 26(2): 126-31. Pubmed ID=16252256
McManus, J. and K. Huebner (2005). "Vesicants." Crit Care Clin 21(4): 707-18, vi. Pubmed ID=16168310
Mukhopadhyay, S., V. Rajaratnam, et al. (2006). Exposure of half sulfur mustard gas causes inactivation of extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD-3) in guinea pig lung. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1194
Murphy, M. L. (1959). "A comparison of the teratogenic effects of five polyfunctional alkylating agents on the rat fetus." Pediatrics 23(1 Part 2): 231-44. Pubmed ID=13613885
Price, E. O., J. R. Smith, et al. (2000). "MALDI-ToF/MS as a diagnostic tool for the confirmation of sulfur mustard exposure." J Appl Toxicol 20 Suppl 1: S193-7. Pubmed ID=11428636
Qui, M., V. M. Paromov, et al. (2006). "Inhibition of inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase by a mustard gas analog in murine macrophages." BMC Cell Biol 7: 39. Pubmed ID=17137498
Ray, P. and S. T. Ali (1998). "Protease in normal human epidermal keratinocytes." Drug Chem Toxicol 21(3): 319-27. Pubmed ID=9706464
Ray, P., A. K. Chakrabarti, et al. (2002). "Sulfur mustard-stimulated protease: a target for antivesicant drugs." J Appl Toxicol 22(2): 139-40. Pubmed ID=11920939
Smith, M. G. (2004). The mustard consortium’s elucidation of the pathophysiology of sulfur mustard and antidote development. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1114
Smith, W. J., S. I. Baskin, et al. (2000). "Introduction to vesicant supplement of Journal of Applied Toxicology " J Appl Toxicol 20(Suppl. 1): 661.
Stone, W. L., Q. Li, et al. (2006). Antioxidant liposomes therapy for the exposure to a sulfur vesicating agent. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Hunt Valley, MD. Counter ID1170
Stone, W. L., M. Qui, et al. (2003). "Lipopolysaccharide enhances the cytotoxicity of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide." BMC Cell Biol 4: 1. Pubmed ID=12513699
Stone, W. L., M. Qui, et al. (2004). Lipopolysaccharide enhances the cytotoxicity of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide. Proceedings of the U.S. Army Medical Defense Bioscience Review, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Counter ID1117
Zhang, P., P. Ng, et al. (2002). "Gene expressions in Jurkat cells poisoned by a sulphur mustard vesicant and the induction of apoptosis." Br J Pharmacol 137(2): 245-52. Pubmed ID=12208782
