Early Positivist Research

Phrenology (Gall)

Atavism (Lombroso)

Hereditary School

Jukes and Kallikaks

Somatology (Sheldon)

Modern Biological Theories

Family, Heredity and Genes

Twin Studies

Adoption Studies

Psychological Explanations for Crime

Personality disorders

Psychoses

Intelligence and Crime

Main findings of Hirschi and Hindelang article:

• IQ more important than social class and race in predicting delinquency
• Higher the IQ, the lower the recidivism rate
• Average IQ of offender population is 91-93 compared to 100 for general population

Criticisms of IQ-Crime Link:

• Spuriousness argument.
• How do we measure delinquency?
• How do we measure intelligence?
• Doesn't explain group differences well.
• Not comprehensive.