Feudal
Monarchy and secular power:
the Growth of European
Kingdoms
1.
Introduction: What is "feudal" and what is "monarchical"? Three case
studies, Germany, England and France
2. Germany and the Holy
Roman
Empire
Otto I, "The
Great"
936-973:
- A Saxon king
- Battle of Lechfeld (955)
- Otto revives the Roman empire,
but a vastly different empire than Charlemagne's
- Feudalism slow to arrive
in Germany; use of church to govern the state
- 962 Pope grants him the
imperial title
- "Ottonian Renaissance"
Conrad II begins
Salian
dynasty
1024-1039
Henry III, r. 1039-1056
Henry IV, r. 1056-1106
Frederick I,
"Barbarossa", r.
1152-1190
- asserts power over wealthy
Norther Italian towns in Lombardy
- Lombard League
defeats
Frederick
1176
Frederick II, r.
1212-1250:
- Roman emperor and king of Sicily
- Stupor
Mundi "Wonder of the World"
Role of semi-autonomous
princes and territorial
lords in Germany:
why does Germany remain a fragmented and loose confederation of
states from the 14th to 19th centuries?
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2. England
"Anglo-Saxon/ Danish" England
in 9th-11th century
- King Alfred the Great r. 871-899 (Wessex: West Saxon)
- King Canute, r. 1017-1035 ( (King of a Danish/Dnorweigan/English
empire)
- King Edward the Confessor, r. 1042-1066 (part of old Wessex
dynasty)
William the Conqueror,
r. 1066-1087
- Haold Godwinson
- Battle of
Hastings/Norman
conquest 1066
- Baueaux tapestry
- Tower of London
- Domesday book (1080s)
Anglo-Saxon and Danish rule:
- Shires with sheriffs
- The Writ
Henry I, , r. 1154-1189
Henry II, first of
Plantagenet
dynasty 1154-1189 (married to Eleanor of Aquitaine); also called
Angevin dynasty
- Exchequer
- Royal courts
- Common law
- Murder of Thomas a
Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury
(1170)
King Richard I, The
Lion-Heated, r. 1189-1199
King John, r. 1199-1216
Runnymede, Magna Carta 1215
Parlaiment
Edward I, r. 1272-1307:
- a great systematizer
- The "greater
Parlaiments"
1295 and 1297
3. France
Capetian monarchy succeeds the
Caroligians
Hugh Capet, count of Paris,
becomes king 987
Philip II "Augustus", r.
1180-1223
- destruction of English Angevin empire, Battle of Bouvines, 1214
- makes Paris into a true capital city, builds the Louvre, pop. of
Paris increases to 50,000
Louis IX, St. Louis
1226-1270
Philip IV, "the Fair"
1285-1314:
- Use of Roman law
- Royal administrators: baillis
and seneschals
- Parlement, royal courts that published laws, 1295
- First Estates General
1302
- taxes: the taille
- expels Jews from France, 1306
How did the English Parlaiment
and the French Parlement differ? How were they similar? How did they
both grow within the context of "Feudal Mondachies"?
4.
Church State Relations
Germany:
The Investiture crisis, Pope Gregory v. Henry IV
- Pope Gregroy VI (r. 1073-1085)
- Emperor Henry IV (r. 1056-1106)
- Concordat of Worms, 1122
England:
Murder in the Cathedral, King Henry II vs. Thomas Becket
France:
The Avignon Papacy
- Pope Boniface VIII (r. 1294-1303)
- Unam Sanctam, 1302
- Philip IV of France takes Boniface prisoner in 1303
- Papacy settles in Avignon, 1309-1387