I. Why Use Developmental Theories to Understand Cognition?

Developmental theories provide:

Developmental theories raise:

Developmental theories motivate:
 

• Intellectual development a process of __________
• Assimilation -
• Accommodation -

 
• Regulated by:
• Viewed the child as:
• “ways of knowing”

 

Sensorimotor Period 0-2 years
Preoperational   2-7 years
Concrete Operations 7-11 years
Formal Operations 11 years +

•  Divided into 6 substages

• infants’ “ways of knowing” based on:

 
•  Achievements (transition to preoperational)

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Tasks:

1. Three mountain task

2. Conservation of liquid

3.  Conservation of number

4.  Class inclusion

Interviews with children

Thinking is:

1.

2.

3.

4.
 

• System of

• _____________  concept develops

• Limited to:

 

___________________ reasoning

____________________reasoning

____________________ logic
 

1. Underestimated infant cognition

Imitation
 
 

2. Underestimated preschool children's thinking

Egocentrism
 

Borke, 1975
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Understanding of Number
 

Gelman, 1983
 
 

3. Problems with stage theory
 
 
 

4. Not everyone achieves Formal Operations
 
 
 

5. Failure to consider Social and Cultural Influences
 
 
 

6. Theory is vague about the _________________ that give rise to children’s thinking and about the _______________ that produce cognitive growth
 
 

III. Piaget Today
 

• General rejection of:

• More attention to:

• More acceptance of:

        1.
 
 

        2.
 

        3.
 
 

IV. Vygotsky's Theory
 
 

• Cognitive development through Social Interaction

• Based on ___________________model
 
Rejected Piaget's view of:
 
 
 
• 4 Key Concepts

1. Zone of Proximal Development
 
 

2. Scaffolding
 

• Also known as:

 
3. Relationship between Thought and Language

    Phase 1:
 

    Phase 2:
 

    Phase 3:
 
 

    Language is a:

4. Cultural Context of Development

    How does culture affect development?
 

By arranging:

By determining:

By regulating:

By providing:

V. Sociocultural Theory: Recent Developments
 

1. Guided participation; Social scaffolding
 

2. Intersubjectivity:
 

• contingent responding

• joint attention

• social referencing

• perspective taking and peer communication