Spacing
Double space continuously throughout the paper. DO NOT add extra
spaces between sections or subsections.
Format for citations and references
CITATIONS appear in your main text.
They are a part of a sentence. They do not hang separately from your sentences.
Also, do not use the researchers' first names.
Single citation:
CORRECT 1
The idea that many social injustices and inequalities reflect
self-fulfilling
prophecies was first suggested in the 1940's (Merton, 1948).
There
was also lively interest in accuracy ...
CORRECT 2
Merton (1948) first suggested that many social injustices and
inequalities
reflect self-fulfilling prophecies. There was also lively
interest
in accuracy ...
INCORRECT 1
The idea that many social injustices and inequalities reflect
self-fulfilling
prophecies was first suggested in the 1940's. (Merton,
1948).
There was also lively interest in accuracy ...
INCORRECT 2
The idea that many social injustices and inequalities reflect
self-fulfilling
prophecies was first suggested in the 1940's. (Merton,
1948)
There was also lively interest in accuracy ...
INCORRECT 3
Robert K. Merton suggested in 1948 that many social injustices and
inequalities reflect self-fulfilling prophecies. There was also lively
interest in accuracy ...
INCORRECT 4
Merton first suggested that many social injustices and inequalities
reflect self-fulfilling prophecies. There was also lively
interest
in accuracy ...
INCORRECT 5
Merton (373) first suggested that many social injustices and
inequalities
reflect self-fulfilling prophecies. There was also lively
interest
in accuracy ...
Multiple citations:
(both of these examples are correct):
Error and bias research dates back to at least the 1930's emphasis on the inaccuracy, irrationality, and rigidity of social stereotypes (e.g., Katz & Braly, 1933; LaPiere, 1936).
There was also lively interest in accuracy up through the 1950's (e.g., Vernon, 1933; Taft, 1955), which same to an abrupt and premature end after Cronbach identified many seemingly difficult statistical and methodological problems involved in assessing certain types of accuracy (Cronbach, 1955; Gage & Cronbach, 1955).
Format for reporting inferential statistics
(note: This does not apply to descriptive statistics,
such as means or frequencies)
Examples:
Results showed that more people drove Hondas than drove Fords (x2[1]=88.88, p<.001).
The hypothesis that African-Americans would be under-represented in
magazine ads
was not confirmed (x2[1]=1.02, p>.2).
People rated Coke as better than Pepsi (t[1]=1.11, p>.2).
----
Report the statistic in parentheses. You must present and
underline
the
statistic itself (x2, t, r, etc). You must indicate
the degrees of freedom inside
an additional set of parentheses; followed by the equal sign (=);
followed
by
the observed value of the statistic, followed by an underlined lower
case
p (p); followed by less than sign (<) for a significant
result
or a greater than
sign (>) for a nonsignificant result; followed by the p-value that
your observed statistic
is greater than or less than.
Use up to three levels of headers:
MAJOR SECTION:
Centered, Underlined, First letter of word in Caps:
Method
There are four major sections to a research paper:
Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion
MAJOR SUBSECTION
Left-justified, Underlined, First letter of each word in Caps.
Continue writing
the next line as a new paragraph.
Data Collection Procedures
Data was obtained on 100 billion aliens through the use of a space probe. This space
probe ....
-----
Within a major section, you cannot have only one major
subsection.
If you have only
one, DO NOT use a major subsection title. Just write
continuously.
You can have two or three or four or five, etc. major subsections.
MINOR SUBSECTION
Minor subsections only occur under major subsection headings.
You cannot
use a minor subsection heading, unless that minor subsection heading
appears
under a major subsection heading.
Minor subsection headings are written as if they begin a new
paragraph.
They are indented and underlined.
The Jussim (1989) and Jussim & Eccles (1992) Studies
The data. All studies described
in this chapter were based on the Michigan Study of Adolescent Life
Transitions
(MSALT), which assessed a variety of social, psychological,
demographic,
and achievement ...
The formatting of The data. is the format for minor subsection headers.
Within a major subsection, you cannot have only one minor
subsection.
If you have only
one, DO NOT use a minor subsection title. Just write
continuously.
------
DO NOT have a section heading, a major subsection heading, or a
minor
subsection
heading ending a page. If you do, move it to the next page.
TABLES
Tables must be clearly labeled and explained. DO NOT count on
me
"knowing what you mean." If you do not make it clear, I DO NOT
know
that you know it.
BAD TABLE 1:
Table 3
Question 8
Males Females
Agree 10 10
Disagree 10 10
-----
What the heck is this table about? Impossible to tell.
BAD TABLE 2:
Table 3
Operation Rescue
Males Females
Agree 10 10
Disagree 10 10
-----
This table is a little better, but still offers no clear explanation
or description of what it presents.
------
GOOD TABLE:
Table 3
Operation Rescue
Males Females
Agree 10 10
Disagree 10 10
This table presents responses to the question, "Members of Operation
Rescue who support the assassination of doctors who perform abortions
should be allowed to organize to increase their influence on Congress."
------
This table clearly conveys and describes the result.