1)
Conformity that involves publicly acting in
accord with
an implied or explicit request, while privately disagreeing is called
A.
obedience.
B.
acceptance.
C.
conformity.
D.
compliance.
Answer
page 188
2)
If you clean your room only because your
parents order
you to, your behavior is a form of
A.
obedience.
B.
acceptance.
C.
conformity.
D.
compliance.
Answer
page 188
3)
Milgram’s studies
explored _______; Asch’s studies explored _______.
A.
obedience;
conformity
B.
conformity;
norm formation
C.
obedience;
norm formation
D.
conformity;
obedience
Answer, page 194
4)
Milgram’s studies
explored _______; Asch’s studies explored _______.
A.
obedience;
conformity
B.
conformity;
norm formation
C.
obedience;
norm formation
D.
conformity;
obedience
Answer page 194
5)
A
psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram’s
participants a year after their participation
concluded that
A.
none had
been harmed.
B.
many were
suspicious of all authorities.
C.
a
minority of them had lowered self-esteem.
D.
most
regretted having served in Milgram’s study.
Answer page 198
6)
In one
variation of his original
experiment, Milgram arranged for a
confederate
“clerk” (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the
experimenter’s absence. As a result of this manipulation,
A.
most
teachers agreed to comply with the orders of their fellow group member.
B.
the
teachers competed with him and with each other for the role of leader.
C.
participants became more
positive about their roles in this cohesive group,
and some even became enthusiastic.
D.
80% of the
teachers refused to comply fully.
Answer page 199
7)
The
relationship between the degree to which a group is cohesive and the
degree to
which the group has power over its members is a _______ one.
A.
positive
B.
negative
C.
neutral
D.
curvilinear
Answer page 209
8)
Mullen
and her colleagues (1990) found that the average baseline jaywalking
rate
_______ in the presence of a non-jaywalking confederate.
A.
increases
B.
decreases
C.
stays the same
D.
increases, then gradually
decreases
Answer, page 210
9)
Conformity is greater when people respond
publicly
before a group. This pattern reflects
A.
compliance.
B.
acceptance.
C.
normative influence.
D.
informational influence.
Answer, page 214
10)
Compared to
people in individualistic
countries, those in collectivist countries are
A.
more
likely to express psychological reactance.
B.
more
responsive to others’ influence.
C.
more
susceptible to the fundamental attribution error.
D.
more
likely to be independent.
Answer, page
215
11)
Research
in both the
A.
reaction
formation
B.
regression
C.
psychological
reactance
D.
the
self-serving bias
Answer, page 218
12)
When William
McGuire and his
A.
gender.
B.
nationality.
C.
distinctive attributes.
D.
most
common personal characteristics.
Answer, page
219
13)
You were walking down the
street
with your friend Sabrina when she stopped to ask a child why he was
crying. The
boy said that he was lost, so Sabrina took time out of her busy day to
help the
child find his way home. Sabrina’s behavior can be characterized by
A.
the
reciprocity norm.
B.
egoism.
C.
the
social-exchange theory.
D.
altruism.
Answer page 429
14)
Who of the
following is most likely to respond favorably to an
unexpected request for a charitable donation to a local hospital?
A.
Melvin’s
older sister, who is hurrying to get to her scheduled
appointment with the family doctor
B.
Melvin’s
mother, who just received a very favorable job evaluation
from her employer
C.
Melvin’s
younger brother, who is depressed over receiving a D on a
physics exam
D.
Melvin’s
father, who is annoyed over the newspaper boy’s trampling
of his flower bed
Answer, page
432
15)
The social
responsibility norm refers to the expectation that
A.
people will help
when necessary in order to receive help themselves
later.
B.
leaders will help
more than regular group members.
C.
people will help
those dependent upon them.
D.
to
receive help, people must ask for it.
Answer
page 435
16)
If victims seem to have
created
their own problems by laziness or lack of foresight, people are less
willing to
offer help. Helping responses are thus closely tied to
A.
the overjustification effect.
B.
attributions.
C.
self-concepts.
D.
empathy.
Answer,
page 436
17)
Evolutionary
psychology contends that the essence of life is
A.
gene
survival.
B.
self-actualization.
C.
holistic health.
D.
the
discovery of meaning.
Answer,
page 437
18)
The idea that
altruism towards one’s close relatives enhances the
survival of mutually shared genes is referred to as
A.
evolutionary kinship.
B.
altruistic selection.
C.
kin
selection.
D.
self-serving helpfulness.
Answer page
438
19)
From an evolutionary
perspective it
would be most difficult to explain why
A.
John paid his
son’s hospital bill.
B.
Phyllis
helped her mother clean the house.
C.
William
helped his next-door neighbor paint his house.
D.
Ruth risked
her life to save a stranger from being murdered.
Answer, page
439
20)
In observing
people’s responses to staged emergencies, Darley
and Latané (1970) found
that _______ greatly decreased intervention.
A.
social
alienation
B.
a lack of
empathy
C.
the presence
of other bystanders
D.
self-concern
Answer,
page 446
21)
Darley and Latané described a sequence of
decisions a bystander must make before he or she will intervene in an
emergency. Which of the following is NOT one of the specific steps?
A.
noticing the
incident
B.
interpreting
the incident as an emergency
C.
assessing the
victim’s desire for help
D.
assuming
personal responsibility for intervening
Answer
page 446
22)
The fact that
a person is less likely to help in an emergency when
other people are present is called
A.
the
bystander effect.
B.
pluralistic ignorance.
C.
the
self-interest effect.
D.
the
suppression of responsibility effect.
Answer page
447
23)
Darley and Batson
(1973) gave
A.
asked to talk
about career opportunities
B.
asked to talk
about the Good Samaritan parable
C.
given extra
time to reach the studio
D.
told they
were already late in departing for the studio
Answer
page 452
24)
Confederates
who were dressed either
conservatively or in counterculture garb approached either “straight”
or “hip”
college students and asked for change to make a phone call.
Results of
this experiment confirmed a _______ bias in helping.
A.
familiarity
B.
similarity
C.
credibility
D.
complementarity
Answer, page
452
25)
An
institutional practice that subordinates people of a given race is
called
A.
racism.
B.
prejudice.
C.
discrimination.
D.
a stereotype.
Answer
page 303
26)
A
belief about the personal attributes
of a group of people is called a(n)
A.
affect.
B.
behavioral
tendency.
C.
cognition.
D.
stereotype.
Answer
page 302
27)
Prejudiced
and stereotyped evaluations
A.
are more
widespread than formerly believed.
B.
are
higher among females than males.
C.
are
higher among males than females.
D.
can
occur outside of one’s conscious awareness.
Answer, page 304
28)
Ayres’ (1991) research team
visited
90 Chicago-area car dealers using a uniform strategy to negotiate the
lowest
price on an $11,000 car. The results indicated that _______ were given
the
highest quote.
A.
White males
B.
White females
C.
Black males
D.
Black females
Answer page 306
29)
Ideas about
how men and women ought to behave are called _______,
whereas people’s ideas about how women and men do behave are called
_______.
A.
gender-role
norms; gender stereotypes
B.
gender
stereotypes; gender-role norms
C.
gender
preferences; gender roles
D.
sexist
attitudes; sexists stereotypes
Answer, page 308
30)
Most
Americans agree that
A.
the
activities of married women are best confined to the home and family.
B.
they
would probably move if Black people came to live in great numbers in
their
neighborhood.
C.
the two
sexes are equally emotional.
D.
they
would vote for a qualified woman whom their party nominated for
president.
Answer, page 309
31)
Bob is high
in social dominance. Which of the following majors is he UNLIKELY to
choose in
college?
A.
business
B.
politics
C.
social
work
D.
law
Answer,
page 312
32)
Children of
_______ have less stereotyped views of men and women.
A.
authoritarian
parents
B.
employed women
C.
devoutly
religious parents
D.
stay-at-home
mothers
Answer, page 314
33)
The tendency
for people to more accurately recognize faces of
their own race is called the
A.
ingroup
heterogeneity effect.
B.
outgroup homogeneity
effect.
C.
own-race bias.
D.
faceism effect.
Answer, page 325
34)
Although most
suspects in cases of incest, child molestation, and
sexual abuse are heterosexual males, the local newspaper omits the word
“heterosexual” in any related headlines. In contrast, whenever a
self-described
gay male is arrested for a crime, the headline proclaims “homosexual
arrested”.
The resulting prejudice that gay males are more likely to commit
violent crimes
can in part be blamed on
A.
an
illusory correlation.
B.
ingroup bias.
C.
outgroup homogeneity
effects.
D.
group-serving biases.
Answer page 330
35)
Describing
positive behaviors by an ingroup
member in terms of their general disposition, but describing the same
behavior
by an outgroup member as a specific isolated act has been called the
A.
overgeneralization bias.
B.
ingroup homogeneity
effect.
C.
outgroup specificity
phenomenon.
D.
linguistic intergroup
bias.
Answer, page 331
36)
Linking good
fortune with virtue and misfortune with moral failure
enables fortunate people to feel pride and enables unfortunate people
to avoid
responsibility. This is an example of the _______ phenomenon.
A.
retribution
B.
just-world
C.
ingroup bias
D.
stereotype
invulnerability
Answer, page
332
37)
Which of the
following is an example of aggression as it is
defined in the text?
A.
Sam
accidentally slams the car door too quickly, and it hits Tim’s
knee.
B.
Luisa urges
her classmates not to vote for Marcy for dormitory
senator, citing some rumors about Marcy’s social life.
C.
Carla, a
dentist, delivers a shot of Novocain before pulling her
patient’s tooth.
D.
Joe’s
eagerness and enthusiasm resulted in his being promoted to
sales manager in a very short time.
Answer, page
345
38)
_______ aggression
aims to hurt only as a means to some other end.
A.
Manipulative
B.
Duplicitous
C.
Hostile
D.
Instrumental
Answer page 345
39)
How intense
and reactive we are in infancy reflects our
A.
serotonin levels.
B.
aggressive
instinct.
C.
temperament.
D.
social learning.
Answer, page 347
40)
MacDonald and her colleagues
(2000)
found that intoxicated people administered stronger shocks and felt
angrier
when thinking about
A.
their physical shortcomings.
B.
their grades in college.
C.
relationship conflicts.
D.
their families.
Answer, page 347
41)
The
redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of
the frustration is referred to as
A.
displacement.
B.
substitution.
C.
instrumental aggression.
D.
projection.
Answer, page
349
42)
Arthur did
not work very hard on his last class essay assignment,
so he was relieved at first to find that he had gotten a C. But when he
learned
that most of his classmates had gotten B’s and A’s, he felt unhappy and
angry
about his grade. Arthur’s experience is best explained in terms of
A.
the
adaptation-level phenomenon.
B.
the
relative deprivation principle.
C.
displacement.
D.
Parkinson’s
second law.
Answer B,
page 351\
43)
Juveniles who grow up
without a
father
A.
are less violent.
B.
are more violent.
C.
seem to be unaffected.
D.
are more sensitive to media violence.
Answer, page 353
44)
Within
A.
cities and areas
populated by southerners have much higher White
homicide rates than those populated by northerners.
B.
cities and areas
populated by Midwesterners have much higher White
homicide rates than those populated by southerners.
C.
White
southern men are less likely to own a gun.
D.
White
southern men are half as likely as rural Midwesterner White
men to support wars.
Answer, page 354
45)
In an
experiment conducted by Griffitt
(1970), students who answered questionnaires while they were _______
reported
feeling more tired and aggressive, and expressed more hostility toward
a
stranger than did participants in a control group.
A.
distracted by
loud noises
B.
in an
uncomfortably hot room
C.
being closely
observed
D.
eating
popcorn and peanuts
Answer,
page 356
46)
“Watching
violence on television gives people a harmless
opportunity to vent their aggression.”
This statement is most clearly consistent with the _______
hypothesis.
A.
sensitization
B.
catharsis
C.
frustration-aggression
D.
social
learning
Answer, page
363
47)
Surveys of
adults and adolescents indicate that heavy viewers of
TV violence
A.
become more
sensitized to violence.
B.
underestimate the
frequency of violence in the world.
C.
are more
fearful of being personally assaulted.
D.
feel
safer and better able to protect themselves.
Answer, page
367
48)
Myers
suggests that one way we could reduce aggression is by
A.
reacting to
crime after it happens.
B.
forbidding
children to watch TV.
C.
training parents
how to discipline without violence.
D.
outlawing video
games.
Answer, page
377
49.
________ can
explain _________
A.
diffusion of
responsibility; the bystander effect
B.
the bystander
effect; diffusion of responsibility
C.
the bystander
effect; obedience to authority
D.
obedience to
authority; the bystander effect
Answer:
Lecture
50.
_____
explains why _________
A.
kin
selection; we help those who are dependent on us
B.
reciprocity
norm; we help our relatives
C.
social
responsibility norm; we help those who have helped us
D.
none of the
above
Answer:
Lecture
51.
One in class
demonstration showed that those who claimed to be
familiar with Milgram’s studies of
obedience:
A.
Underestimated
how many people gave 450 volts of shock
B.
Overestimated
how many people gave 450 volts of shock
C.
Correctly
remembered the proportion of people who gave 450 volts
of shock
D.
none of
the above.
Answer:
Lecture
52.
In one
in-class
demonstration, you were informed of one of the studies Milgram
performed as a follow-up to his obedience studies.
In that study, everything was the same as the
original, except that there was no experimenter insisting that the
teacher
continue, and there were no instructions to increase the shock after
each incorrect
answer (the teacher could give any shock level). Students
in 321 were asked to predict the
results of the study. Those predictions
showed that:
A.
Students
underestimated
how much shock the teachers would give.
B.
Students
committed
hindsight bias
C.
Students
committed obfuscatory consensus.
D.
Students
committed the
fundamental attribution error.
Answer:
Lecture
53.
According to Dr. Jussim,
A.
discrimination
is a type
of mass murder
B.
all mass
murder is
discrimination
C.
all ethnic
cleansing is
discrimination
D.
all ethnic
cleansing is
genocide
Answer:
Lecture
54.
According to Dr. Jussim, genocide is something that
A.
Is unique to
African
nations and cultures
B.
Is unique to
European
nations and cultures
C.
Is unique to
Asian
nations and cultures
D.
Has been
committed by
nations and cultures all over the world
Answer:
Lecture
55.
Iranian President Mahmoud
Ahmadinejad has openly called for
This
is a call for:
A.
Genocide
B.
Mass murder
C.
Ethnic
cleansing
D.
All of the
above
Answer:
Lecture