Anthropology 348

Primate Behavioral Ecology

Course Description
(© Ryne A. Palombit)

"He who understands [the] baboon,
would do more toward metaphysics than Locke."
--Charles Darwin


Behavior is an evolved biological phenomenon, and in this course we will explore why nonhuman primates behave as they do.  As the word “socioecology” implies, our emphasis will be on understanding the adaptive significance of the diversity of primate social behavior within an ecological context.  The objectives of the course are: (1) to understand how to think “functionally” about problems in Biology; (2) to appreciate the great variation in ecology and behavior in primates; (3) to apply the functional approach—Darwin’s concept of natural selection—to explain that variation.



Instructor: Ryne A. Palombit
001 Biological Sciences Bldg (Douglass Campus)
Phone: (732) 932-5214
Email: rpalombit@anthropology.rutgers.edu
Prerequisite: Anthropology 212 (Life of Primates) (it is OK to fulfill prereq by taking 212 and 348 concurrently)

Textbook:

Requirements:
1.  Midterm (25%)
2.  Final Exam (30%)
3.  Term Paper (35%)
4.  Class Discussions (5%) & Term Paper Topic Assignment (5%)

The Term Paper:
This paper will be on a subject of your choice, but must have both a topical and an organismal focus (e.g., “Why are marmosets polyandrous?”).  The paper should employ evolutionary theory that you learn from the lectures and reading to interpret some social or ecological phenomenon (e.g., sexual dimorphism, polyandry, monogamy, folivory, polyspecific associations, etc.), and it must thoroughly cover the literature on some taxonomic subset of primates (a species [e.g., Pongo pygmaeus], or genus [e.g., Cercocebus], or subfamily [e.g., Atelinae], etc.).  You are expected to use the library’s reference tools to ensure use of the recent literature & also to learn to do scholarly work.  A handout dealing with the term paper will be distributed. The paper should be about 10 pages, double-spaced.  Email a “why” question about a specific phenomenon in a particular taxon to me on date provided (5% of your course grade depends upon this) & I will provide feedback.  Some topics (e.g.,  locomotion, cognition) don’t work well.  Students cannot duplicate topics & taxa: topics are allocated on “first come, first serve” basis (so email as soon as you have your topic, but be prepared to switch if someone else is already doing it).  The paper due date provided in distributed syllabus.



Schedule of Meetings & Readings

Although I will try to keep to this schedule, the dates on which particular topics will be covered in class are subject to change.  The dates of the exams will not be changed.  After each lecture, I will post an outline for that lecture.  Readings may be modified (additions or deletions) as the semester progresses.


Meeting SUBJECT READING
1
Intro to Course
2
Biomes & Biogeography (& review of African primates) pp. 1-7, 14, 52-61, 73-87, Appendix (pp. 376-387)
3
Biomes & Biogeography (& a review of the rest of the pimates)
Same as above
4
Asking Evolutionary Questions
pp. 8-11, 23-25, 111-114
5
Behavioral Ecology: Basics
pp. 26-35, 68-72, 8-89, 99-110, 11-124
Hinde, R.A.  1975.  The concept of function.  In: Function and Evolution in Behavior (G. Baerends, C. Beer & A. Manning, eds.), pp. 3-15.  Clarendon, Oxford.
6
Primate Foods: Nutritional Aspects
Chapter 6 (pp. 179-193), Chapter 11 (pp. 344-353)
7
Feeding & Metabolism
p. 40-42, Chapter 6 (pp. 179-193 again)
Bonner, J.T.  2006.  Matters of size.  Natural History, 115 (9): 54-59.
8
Feeding Specializations

9
Economics of Ranging
pp. 18-19, 68-70, 195-198
10
Economics of Territoriality
pp. 19-20
11
Primate Niches & Communities
Chapter 11 (pp. 333-343)
12
Movie (TBA)
Email me the TOPIC and TAXON of your term paper
13
Reproduction & sexual selection theory
Chapter 5 (pp. 141-148)
14
Male-male competition I: Precopulatory (anatomical)
Chapter 5 (pp. 148-168, 175-178)
15
Midterm

16
Male-male competition II: Precopulatory (vocal)  Postcopulatory
Harcourt, A.H.  1995.  Sexual selection and sperm competition in primates: What are male genitalia good for?  Evolutionary Anthropology, 4:121-129.
17
Female Choice: Theory  Precopulatory
Chapter 5 (pp. 168-175)
Fisher, R.A.  1958.  The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, 2nd ed., Dover, New York. (Excerpt)
18
Female Choice: Precopulatory Indicator Mechanisms

19
Female Choice: Postcopulatory (Cryptic Female Chocie)
Eberhard, W.G.  1990.  Animal genitalia and female choice.  Scientific American, 78:134-141.
20
Predators of Primates

21
Social Evolution I
Anti-Predator Models
Hamilton, W.D. 1971. Geometry for the selfish herd.  Journal of Theoretical Biology, 31:295-311.
Rodman, P.S.  1980.  Why monkeys live together.  International Wildlife, 10:18-23.
22
Social Evolution II: Resource Defense Model
Chapter 5 (pp. 148-168); Chapter 6 (pp. 194-208); Chapter 7 & 8
23
Pan-Pongo Comparison


24
Social Evolution III: Foraging Models Chapters 7 & 8
25
Infanticide as selective force
MacDonald, D.W.  2001.  Infanticide—A major factor in mammalian sociology.  Excerpt from The Encyclopedia of Mammals, pp. xxiv-xxv, Oxford University Press, London.
26
Evolution of Monogamy Chapter 9 (pp. 267-270)
27
Sexual Conflict: Sexual Coercion Hosken, D.J. & Stockley, P.  2005.  Sexual conflict.  Current Biology, 15:R535-R536.
Smuts, B.B.  1995. The apes of wrath.  Discover Magazine.
28
Open
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