Anthropology 569
Sex Differences & Sexual Selection in Primates
Spring, 2008
From: Halliday, T. 1980. Sexual Strategy. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Requirements:
Participation in Seminar Discussions (25%) (includes moderating, discussion, summarizing)
Positions Papers (each worth 10%, totalling 20%)
Oral Presentation (15%)
Paper (40%)
Goal of Seminar:
Our
goal
is to reach some conclusions about the current state of studies of sex
differences
and sexual selection in the order Primates.
As a focal point of our efforts, we’ll consider the following
interesting
situation. Primatologists spend a lot time talking about sex
differences,
male-male competition, and female choice in primates. And yet,
studies
of nonhuman primates typically do not figure very prominently in
general
reviews of sexual selection (consider Anderssons’ tome, for
instance).
Why is this? Is it because the studies haven’t yet been done in
primates?
Is it because the studies have been done, but they haven’t been done
very well? Is it because the studies have been done, and they’ve
been done
well, but there is currently little evidence for the action of sexual
selection
in primates? Or, finally, have well-executed studies generating
evidence
for sexual selection failed to attract the attention they’re due?
We will address these questions for some major areas of sexual
selection
theory. Even though it is now 13 years old, we’ll use Andersson’s
book
as our major reference work for what is considered “state of the art”
sexual
selection research (it remains the best comprehensive review of data,
even
if not completely up-to-date). Using Andersson as a model, we’ll
then
evaluate what’s been done and not done (and what needs to be done),
what’s
known and not known (and needs to be known) in primate
studies.
In other words, if Andersson were to update his work, do you think
primates
would figure more prominently in the new edition, just the same, or
less?
Bring to my attention new papers or topics you run across that you
think
might merit our consideration. The syllabus is flexible and we
will
alter it to suit current trends, findings, or interests.
Moderating
Once or twice during the semester you’ll moderate discussion.
This
means leading the discussion by offering your critical evaluations of
the
readings. This does not mean simply rephrasing the content of the
papers.
Rather, take a position on the work and present it. Foster debate
by
presenting opposing views on a subject.
One of your responsibilities as moderator is to do a (computer) search
of
the literature on the topic you’re moderating and make recommendations
regarding
papers we should read in class. The question basically is: are
there
other papers of enough importance to recommend we drop the currently
assigned
reading (see below) and replace it? Your recommendations don’t
have
to be necessarily based on in-depth analysis of each paper.
Rather,
you should be able to make a preliminary evaluation based on a quick
reading
of it.
So, two weeks before your moderating date, you
should
hand in to me (or email to me) a list of several papers (no more
than
5) you’ve run across that you think are relevant for the
discussion.
Then, for each one, explain in a few sentences why you recommend it or
don’t
recommend it for as a reading for the seminar.
Rapporteur:
Each
meeting
will have one person who will act as rapporteur, charged with
summarizing
the important points of the discussion that day. This should
generally
be only one page (single-spaced). Rapporteurs should link ideas
with
the people who offered them, and should identify and highlight in their
reports
the following: (1) the 3 most important ideas presented (and
explain
why); (2) the best quote of the day (linked to the person who generated
it).
Email the summary to me within 24 hrs of the meeting. After
checking
it, I’ll then put in on the Sakai site.
Schedule of Meetings
Spring 2008 Reading List
|
Date |
Topic |
Readings |
Moderator |
| Jan. 24 |
- |
Organizational Meeting |
- |
| Jan. 31 |
Basic Principles |
Andersson, M. 1994. Sexual Selection, Princeton
University
Press, Princeton. Chapter 1. S&K, Sections I, II, III, IV Darwin, Darwin, C. 1871. The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, 1st ed., J. Murray, London. Chapter 8. Clutton-Brock, T.H. 2004. What is sexual selection? In: Sexual Selection in Primates, (P.M. Kappeler & C.P. van Schaik, eds.), pp. 24-36. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Clutton-Brock, T.H. 2007. Sexual selection in males and females. Science, 318:1882-1885. |
Rolando |
| Feb. 7 |
Inrasexual Selection &
Dimorphism
in Primates |
Andersson Chapters 11 & 12 S&K, Section V, Parts A, B, C1, C2, C3, C4, C7, F. Thorén, S., Lindenfors, P. & Kappeler, P.M. 2006. Phylogenetic analyses of dimorphism in primates: Evidence for stronger selection on canine size than on body size. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 130:50-59. Plavcan, J.M. 1998. Correlated response, competition, and female canine size in primates. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 107:401-416. Caillaud, D., Levréro, F., Gatti, S., Ménard, N. & Raymond, M. 2008. Influence of male morphology on male mating status and behavior during interunit encounters in western lowland gorillas. Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., 00:00-00. |
Emily |
| Feb. 14 |
Background: Female Choice |
S&K, Section VI, Parts A, B Andersson, M. & Simmons, L.W. 2006. Sexual selection and mate choice. Trends Ecol. Evol., 21:296-302. Fisher, R.A. 1958. The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, 2nd ed., Dover, New York. Excerpt: "Sexual Selection", pp. 146-156. Andersson, M. 1994. Sexual Selection, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Chapters 2, 3, 8 |
Nancy |
| Feb. 21 |
Some Female Choice Data, Indirect Benefts: Genetic Compatibility |
S&K, Section VI. Part B, C,
D2,
D3, DF Hamilton, W.D. & Zuk, M. 1982. Heritable true fitness and bright birds: A role for parasites? Science, 218:384-387. Mays, H.L.J. & Hill, G.E. 2004. Choosing mates: Good genes versus genes that are a good fit. Trends Ecol. Evol., 19:55-559. Schwensow, N., Eberle, M. & Sommer, S. 2008. Compatibility counts: MHC-associated mate choice in a wild promiscuous primates. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 275:555-564. Sefcek, J.A. & King, J.E. 2007. Chimpanzee facial symmetry: A biometric measure of chimpanzee health. Am. J. Primatol., 69:1257-1263. Stumpf, R. & Boesch, C. 2006. The efficacy of female choice in chimpanzees of the Taï Forest, Côte d’Ivoire. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 60:749-765. |
David |
| Feb. 28 |
Some Female Choice Data Direct Benefits |
S&K, Section VI, Part D1 Møller, A.P., & R. Thornhill. 1998. Male parental care, differential parental investment by females and sexual selection. Anim. Behav., 55:1507-1515. E. W. Heymann. 2003. Scent marking, paternal care, and sexual selection in Callitrichines. In: Sexual Selection and Reproductive Competition in Primates: New Perspectives and Directions (C. Jones), pp. 305-325. New York: American Society of Primatologists. Griffith, S.C. & Sheldon, B.C. 2001. Phenotypic plasticity in the expression of sexually selected traits: Neglected components of variation. Anim. Behav., 61:987-993. Palombit, R.A., Cheney, D.L. & Seyfarth, R.M. 2001. Female-female competition for male “friends” in wild chacma baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus). Anim. Behav., 61:1159-1171. |
Kristy |
| Mar. 6 |
Sexual Conflict |
Arnqvist, G. & Rowe,
L. 2005. Sexual Conflict,
Princeton University Press, Princeton. [Chapter 1] Holland, B. & Rice, W.R. 1999. Experimental removal of sexual selection reverses intersexual antagonistic coevolution and removes a reproductive load. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 96:5083-5088. Foerster, K., Coulson, T., Sheldon, B.C., Pemberton, J.M., Clutton-Brock, T.H. & Loeske, E.B.K. 2007. Sexually antagonistic genetic variation for fitness in red deer. Nature, 447:1107-1110. Cordero, C. & Eberhard, W.G. 2003. Female choice of sexually antagonstic male adaptations: A critical review of some current research. J. Evol. Biol., 16:1-6. Muller, M.N., Kahlenberg, S.M. & Wrangham, R.W. in press. Male aggression against females in chimpanzees. In: Male Aggression Against Females in Primates, (M.N. Muller & R.W. Wrangham, eds.), pp. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Position Papers due tomorrow March 7 |
Lisa |
| Mar. 13 |
"Role reversed" systems |
Clutton-Brock, T.H., Hodge,
S.J., Russell, A.F., Jordan, N.R., Bennett, N.C., Sharpe, L.L. &
Manser, M.B. 2006. Intrasexual competition and sexual
selection in cooperative mammals. Nature, 444:1065-1068. S&K: Section V, Parts D & E; Section VI, Part C2, F. Engh, A.L. et al. (2002). Reproductive skew among males in a female-dominated mammalian society. Behav. Ecol. 13, 193-200. Setchell, J.M. & Wickings, E.J. 2006. Mate choice in male mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx). Ethology, 112:91-99. LeBas, N. 2006. Female finery is not for males. Trends Ecol. Evol., 21:170-173. Position Papers: Reviews of Zuk |
Jay |
| Mar. 20 |
- |
Spring
Break |
- |
| Mar. 27 |
Postcopulatory
Mechanisms |
Birkhead, T.R. & Pizzari,
T. 2002. Postcopulatory sexual selection. Nature Reviews Genetics, 3:262-273. S&K, Section V, Parts C5, C7, C8, C9; Section VI, Part E Evans, J., Zane, L., Francescato, S. & Pilastro, A. 2003. Directional postcopulatory sexual selection revealed by artificial insemination. Nature, 421:360-363. Dixson, A. 2002. Sexual selection by cryptic female choice and the evolution of primate sexuality. Evol. Anthro., Supplement 1:195-199. Pradhan, G.R., Engelhardt, A., van Schaik, C.P. & Maestripieri, D. 2006. The evolution of female copulation calls in primates: A review and a new model. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 59:333-343. |
Alison |
| Apr 1 |
Student Presentations |
Robert:
Parental invetsment patterns in humans focusing on
sexually antagonistic coevolution of males and females. Trivers, R.L. & Willard, D.E. 1973. Natural selection of parental ability to vary the sex ratio of offspring. Science, 179:90-92. Rolando: Religion and sexual selection. |
Robert
& Rolando |
| Apr. 10 |
Student Presentations |
Alison:
Hormonal regulation of sexual dimorphism: Implications
for sexual selection theory. Nancy: Female choice for direct benefits in primates |
Alison
& Nancy |
| Apr. 17 |
Student Presentations |
David:
Sexual seletion & speciation Jay: How material culture influences sexual selection: Stone artifacts among historic period peoples of the American Northwest Kohn, M. & Mithen, S. 1999. Handaxes: Products of sexual selection? Antiquity, 73:518-526. |
David
& Jay |
| Apr. 24 |
Student Presentations |
Lisa:
Costs imposed by males on female choice and how females
cope with these costs. Bachmann, C. & Kummer, C. 1980. Male assessment of female choice in hamadryas baboons. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 6:315-321. Emily: Sexual selection on cognition. Schöning, S., Engelien, A., Kugel, H., Schäfer, S., Schiffbauer, H., Zwisterlood, P., Pletziger, E., Beizai, P., Kerstin, A., Ohrmann, P., Greb, R.R., Lehmann, W., Heindel, W., Arolt, V., and Konrad, C. 2007. Functional anatomy of visuo-spatial working memory during mental rotation is influenced by sex, menstrual cycle, and sex steroid hormones. Neuropsychologia, 45: 3203-3214. |
Lisa
& Emily |
| May 1 |
Student Presentation Sexual Selection in Homo sapiens |
Kristy
Longpre: Olfactory cues & female mate choice. Miller, G.F. 2007. Sexual selection for moral virtues. Q. Rev. Biol., 82:97-125. Apostolou, M. 2007. Sexual selection under parental choice: The role of parents in the evolution of human mating. Evol. Hum. Behav., 28:403-409. Wilson, C.G. 2008. Male genital mutilation: An adaptation to sexual conflict. Evol. Hum. Behav., 29:149-164. Haufe, C. 2008. Sexual selection and mate choice in evolutionary psychology. Biol. Philos. 23:115-128. Gangestad, S.W. & Simpson, J.A. 2000. The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism. Behav. Brain. Sci., 23: 573-644. |
Kristy Robert |
| Biology of Social Bonds | Primate Ecology & Social Behavior | Methods in Field Primatology |