SCHEDULE

9:00-9:40 Thomas Bartlett, La Trobe University--"Guh Yanwuu's View of Chinese Dialects"

9:40-10:20 W. South Coblin, University of Iowa--The "Vocabulario de la Lengua Mandarina" of Francisco Varo (1627-1687) - An Interim Report

10:20-11:00 Ming Chao Gui, University of Oklahoma--"Kunming Chinese Phonology"

11:00-11:15 Break

11:15-11:55 Chen Zhongmin, University of California at Berkeley--"The Common Origin of Diminutives in Some Southern Chinese Dialects"

11:55-12:35 David Prager Branner, University of Pennsylvania--"Fusion and Diminution in Longyan-area Kinship Terms"

12:35-2:00 Lunch Break

2:00-2:40 Wang Ping, Hwajong Liigong Dahshyue, Wuuhann--"Tone Sandhi in Yishing" (in Chinese)

2:40-3:20 Shi Rujie, Suzhou University--"On the Study of Wu Dialect Grammar" (in Chinese)

3:20-4:00 Gu Qian, Nanjing University--"Research on the Tongtay Dialects" (in Chinese)

4:00-4:15 Break

4:15-4:55 Yu Zhiqiang, Baruch College, CUNY--"What is A Transitional Dialect? A Case Study of the Danyang Dialect"

4:55-5:35 Richard VanNess Simmons, Rutgers University--"A Comparative Model for the Classification of Wu Dialects"

David Prager Branner <charmii@bigfoot.com>
or
R. VanNess Simmons <rsimmon@rci.rutgers.edu>

Organized with support from The Department of East Asian Languages and Cultures at Rutgers University

Thomas Bartlett, La Trobe University

"Guh Yanwuu's View of Chinese Dialects"

 Guh Yanwuu (1613-162) is known to history as a classical scholar who never held civil office except perhaps brief tenure of a nominal middle ranking position in one of the early Southern Ming regimes.  Guh's scholarly legacyhas been celebrated in two different dimensions:  his Confucian "statecraft" thought appealed to early Chinese nationalists for its implicitly anti-Manchu principles, while his phonological studies are widely credited as having opened new directions in philological method which strongly influenced development of the dominant scholarly trend, known as "evidential studies", during the mid-Ching period.
 The present paper concerns the relationship between these two dimensions of Guh's thought, and aims to demonstrate "statecraft" motivations for Guh's phonological studies.  In particular, special attention will be given toGuh's concern that local dialects in the 17th century presented a significant obstacle to the kind of effective corporate unity which Guh sought to foster among the scholar elite.
 Guh was very sensitive to the documented gap between, on the one hand, the political attitudes and fortunes of northern Chinese, whose early collaboration with the Manchus was critical for the consolidation of Qing rule, and, on the other hand, the fate of southerners, among whom anti-Qing sentiments were generally more long lasting and who were systematically excluded from high positions of real administrative authority until the 1690s, following pacification of the Three Feudatories Rebellion.  The geographical division between these two groups of Chinese corresponds closely to the fault line between northern and southeastern dialects. Collation and close reading of a number of passages from Guh's literary record reveal a pattern of evidence indicating that Guh was very sensitive to negative effects on effective communication among educated Chinese caused by the existence of contemporary Chinese dialects.  Guh evidently believed that the dialect gap was a major contributing factor underlying political alienation between Chinese literati of north and south.
 In Guh's view, only Chinese who lacked proper consciousness of their truecultural heritage could collaborate with the alien Manchus.  Guh aspired to resolve regional fragmentation among contemporary Chinese by reviving awareness, among all literati, of the ancient, authoritative pronunciations of the classical texts.  Guh, in his classical idealism, justified his phonological studies not merely in terms of recovering poetic rhymes, but also in terms of restoring a harmonized consciousness of Confucian values among scholars.  Guh's avowed intent to revive ancient pronunciations was evidently known to at least several of his contemporaries, and their comments indicate a dubious response to his ideal.
 Nevertheless, we may see that Guh Yanwuu, in the mid-17th century, anticipated and addressed the issue of cultural authenticity which has been actively contested during the history of the National Language movement in the 20th century.  The paper will conclude with reference to possible sources of influence on distinctive features of Guh's basic conceptualapproach to this subject.
 

Chen Zhongmin ( ³Â ÖÒ Ãô), University of California at Berkeley

New: "The Common Origin of Diminutives in Some Southern Chinese Dialects"

 In this paper I have discussed the evolution of the four types of diminutives in Wu, Min, Gan and Yue dialects step by step. Type one uses syllabic suffix jian àî to express the diminutive; Type two is appends a glottal stop -? as the last segment of the syllable, and adds a tonal alternation to carry a diminutive increment of meaning; Type three is the diminutive whose syllables have the feature of a constricted glottis, plus a tonal alternation; Type four uses only tonal alternations or changed tones to express the diminutive. As far as the relationship between suffixal -? and tonal alternation is concerned, I have argued that it was the disappearance of the suffixal -? that caused tonal change.  It is my point of view that these four types of diminutives can be traced back to one common source, the jian suffixal diminutive. Having compared the jian diminutive in Min dialects with the con diminutive in Vietnamese, I have argued that the jian word and the jian diminutive is related to the Austroasiatic etymon represented by Vietnamese con and the con diminutive. I have treated the jian and jian diminutive in some southern Chinese dialects as the substratum of the ancient Baiyue languages.
 

W. South Coblin, University of Iowa

The "Vocabulario de la Lengua Mandarina" of Francisco Varo (1627-1687) - An Interim Report

 This presentation is a report on an ongoing research project dealing with Varo's "Vocabulario," an unpublished Spanish-Chinese lexicon which is one of the earliest dictionaries of spoken Guan1hua4, the koine or lingua franca used in China during Ming2 and Qing1 times. The purpose of the project is to transcribe the text, translate all the Spanish passages into English, add graphs for the Chinese syllables, and supply indexes for the Chinese forms and Englush renderings of the Spanish. It is hoped that the completed work will give a detailed overview of the lexicon of spoken Ming2/Qing1 Guanhua and thereby provide raw material for the study of the lexical formation and development of this language and of pre-modern Chinese koines in general.
 The talk will deal with certain interesting features of the text which have come to light in the work completed to date.
 

Gu Qian, Nanjing University [Big5 version]
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"Research on the Tongtay Dialects"
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Ming Chao Gui, University of Oklahoma (Norman)

"The Effect of Reduplication Structure On Semantics and Tone in Kunming Chinese"

 The motivation of tone change in Kunming Chinese can be attributed primarily to two categories:  1)  the most common one-phonetic environment and semantic factors and 2)  historical processes.  A further look at the relationship between tone and syntactic structure discloses one more factor for the tone sandhi occurred in Kunming Chinese.  In this paper it is intended to discuss a particular form of syntactic structure that causes tone sandhi-the reduplication of noun and adjective.  Some further discussion will be dealing with the effect of the reduplication structure on the semantic aspect of nouns and adjectives in this less-studied dialect of Mandarin Chinese.
 

Shi Rujie, Suzhou University [Big5 version]
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Richard VanNess Simmons, Rutgers University

"A Comparative Model for the Classification of Wu Dialects"

 The sub grouping of Chinese dialects is most accurately accomplished by comprehensively comparing sets of dialects against the framework of common regional systems.  To illustrate, this paper undertakes a comparison of two dialects in the northern Wu region--Danyang and Jintarn of southwestern Jiangsu province.  These two dialects have many features that are unusual for languages of the northern Wu region and appear to be transitional between Mandarin and Wu types.  While phonetically somewhat dissimilar, the two nonetheless  have closely comparable phonological systems and can be shown to form a mutually affiliated regional type.  A comparison of their phonologies, moreover, outlines most of the major features of Common Northern Wu, indicating that the two languages are most appropriately classified as true Wu dialects.  The data compared and catalogued in this paper is drawn from a mixture of published sources and the author's own fieldwork.
 

Wang Ping, Hwajong Liigong Dahshyue, Wuuhann  [Big5 version]
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Yu Zhiqiang, Baruch College, CUNY

"What is a Transitional Dialect?"

Is a transitional dialect simply the one sharing linguistic features with both sides of its neighbors? This concept about transitional dialects is a mistake. Sharing features with two different dialect groups does not make a dialect a transitional case. An obvious yet ignored exam-ple is that a dog shares some features with a penguin [they both have eyes] and a cat [they both have tails], but that does not make this dog a transitional animal between a penguin and a cat.
What makes a dialect transitional? To answer this question, we need to examine the case of the Danyang dialect. This dialect was classified either as a typical Wu dialect based on Chao's criteria (Chao 1928; Jiangsusheng he Shanghaishi 1969; Qian 1992) or as a transitional dialect between Wu and Mandarin (Li 1993; Cai 1995), in both cases without sufficient and persuasive argument.
 By adjusting Chao's definition for Wu, Chinese dialectologists can classify Wu dialects into a more logical and therefore more accurate system, and can understand transitional dialects more fully. Under the criteria proposed by Yu (1996), Danyang turns out to be a truly transitional dialect between Wu and Mandarin. This paper provides new reasons to revise Chao's definition of Wu, and to justify its natural outcome – Danyang is a transitional dialect.

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Gu Qian, Nanjing University
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"Research on the Tongtay Dialects"
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