Selected refereed articles, book chapters, and books

Albert, V. A. & L. Struwe. 1997. Phylogeny and classification of Voyria (saprophytic Gentianaceae). Brittonia 49: 466-479.

Bischoff, J. F., R. F. Sullivan, N. L. Hywel-Jones, L. Struwe, & J. F. White, Jr. 2003. Resurrection of Blistum tomentosum and its exclusion from Polycephalomyces (Hyphomycetes, Deuteromycota) based on 28S rDNA sequence data. Mycotaxon 86: 433-444. 

Bremer, B. & L. Struwe. 1992. Phylogeny of the Rubiaceae and the Loganiaceae: congruence or conflict between morphological and molecular data? American Journal of Botany 79 (10): 1171-1184.

Bremer, B., R. G. Olmstead, L. Struwe, & J. A. Sweere. 1994. rbcL sequences support exclusion of Retzia, Desfontainia, and Nicodemia from the Gentianales. Plant Systematics and Evolution 190: 213-230.

Gould, K. R. & L. Struwe. 2004. Phylogeny and evolution of Symbolanthus and Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae-Helieae) in the Guayana Highlands and Andes, based on ribosomal 5S-NTS sequences. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 438-446.

Grant, J. R. & L. Struwe. 2001. Macrocarpaeae Grisebach (Gentianaceae) Species Novae seu notabiles Neotropicae I: An introduction to the genus Macrocarpaea and three new species from Colombia, Ecuador, and Guyana. Harvard Papers in Botany 5: 489-498.

Grant, J. R. & L. Struwe. 2003. De Macrocarpaeae Grisebach (ex Gentianaceis) speciebus novis III: Six new species of moon-gentians (Macrocarpaea, Gentianaceae: Helieae) from Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Ecuador. Harvard Papers in Botany 8 (1): 61-81.

Grant, J. R., P. J. M. Maas, & L. Struwe. 2006. Yanomamua araca (Gentianaceae: Helieae), a new genus and species from outliers of the Guayana Shield on Serra Aracá in Amazonian Brazil. Harvard Papers in Botany 11(1): 33-41.

Mansion, G. & L. Struwe. 2004. Generic delimitation and phylogenetic relationships within the subtribe Chironiinae (Chironieae: Gentianaceae) with special reference to Centaurium: evidence from nrDNA and cpDNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 32: 951-977.

Molina, J. & L. Struwe. 2004. Neuburgia novocaledonica, comb. nov. and the first record of domatia in the family Loganiaceae. Australian Systematic Botany 17: 399-406.

Pringle, J. & L. Struwe. (accepted) Gentianaceae. In: Families and Genera of Flowering Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed.), vol. Asteridae-Gentianales (J. W. Kadereit, vol. ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Struwe, L. 2001. Gentianales. In: Encyclopedia of Life Science, MacMillan Publishers. [on-line encyclopedia]

Struwe, L. 2003. Revision of Bolivian Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae – Helieae). Harvard Papers in Botany 8 (1): 19-24.

Struwe, L. 2003. Two new winged species of Symbolanthus (Gentianaceae: Helieae) from Colombia. Novon 13: 133-140.

Struwe, L. 2004. Columelliaceae, Desfontainiaceae, Loganiaceae, Plocospermataceae. Pages 108-109, 126-127, 219-221, 299-300. In: Flowering Plant Families of the American Tropics (A. Henderson, S. A. Mori, S. V. Heald, N. P. Smith, and D. W. Stevenson, eds.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Struwe, L.  (in press, est. 2006) Gentianaceae. In: O. Hokche (ed.), Nuevo Catálogo de la Flora de Venezuela, Venezuela.

Struwe, L. (in press, est. 2006) Gelsemiaceae. In: Families and Genera of Flowering Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed.), vol. Asteridae-Gentianales (J. W. Kadereit, vol. ed.). Springer Verlag.

Struwe, L. (in press, est. 2006). Gentianaceae. In: R. Duno, ed., Catalogo Anotada de los Llanos, Caracas, Venezuela.

Struwe, L., V. A. Albert, & B. Bremer. 1994 [1995]. Cladistics and family level classification of the Gentianales. Cladistics 10: 175-206.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1997. Floristics, cladistics, and classification: three case studies in Gentianales. In: Plant Diversity in Malesia III, J. Dransfield, M. J. E. Coode, & D. A. Simpson (eds.), pp. 321-352. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [conference proceedings]

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1998. Lisianthius (Gentianaceae), its probable homonym Lisyanthus, and the priority of Helia over Irlbachia as its substitute. Harvard Papers in Botany 3: 63-71.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1998. Six new species of Gentianaceae from the Guayana Shield. Harvard Papers in Botany 3: 181-197.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1999. Nomenclatural issues in Helieae (Gentianaceae): a response to Zijlstra et al. Harvard Papers in Botany 4: 293.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert, eds. 2002. Gentianaceae – Systematics and Natural History. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 652 pp. Chapters:

Prance, G. Foreword.

Albert, V. A. and L. Struwe. Gentianaceae in context. Pp. 1-20.

Struwe, L., J. Kadereit, J. Klackenberg, S. Nilsson, M. Thiv, K. B. von Hagen, and V. A. Albert. Systematics, character evolution, and biogeography of Gentianaceae, including a new tribal and subtribal classification. Pp. 21-309.

Meszáros, S., J. DeLaet, V. Goethals, E. Smets, and S. Nilsson. Cladistics of the Gentianaceae: a morphological approach. Pp. 310-376.

Nilsson, S. Gentianaceae – a review of palynology. Pp. 377-497.

Bouman, F., L. Cobb, N. Devente, V. Goethals, and E. Smets. The seeds of Gentianaceae. Pp. 498-572.

Jensen, S. R. and J. Shripsema. Chemotaxonomy and pharmacology of Gentianaceae. Pp. 573-632.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 2004. Monograph of neotropical Potalia (Gentianaceae: Potalieae). Systematic Botany 29(3): 670-701.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 2004. Gelsemiaceae, Gentianaceae. Pages 164-166, 166-168. In: Flowering Plant Families of the American Tropics (A. Henderson, S. A. Mori, S. V. Heald, N. P. Smith, and D. W. Stevenson, eds.), Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Struwe, L. & K. Gould. 2004. Redefinition of Symbolanthus to include Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae - Helieae). Novon 14: 354-359.

Struwe, L., J. R. Grant, K. B. Lepis, M., M. Zarate, & J. Pringle. (in press). Gentianaceae. In: Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Bolivia. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Struwe, L. & S. R. Jensen. 2004. Plocospermataceae. Pages: 330-332. In: Families and Genera of Flowering Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed.), vol. Asteridae-Lamiales (J. W. Kadereit, vol. ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Struwe, L., M. P. Kinkade, & P. J. M. Maas. 2005. Two new Brazilian species of Tachia (Gentianaceae: Helieae). Blumea 50: 457-462.

Struwe, L., P. J. M. Maas, & V. A. Albert. 1997. Aripuana cullmaniorum, a new genus and species of Gentianaceae from white sands of southeastern Amazonas, Brazil. Harvard Papers in Botany 2: 235-253.

Struwe, L., P. J. M. Maas, O. Pihlar, & V. A. Albert. 1999. Gentianaceae. Pages 474-542. In: Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, vol. 5, P. E. Berry, K. Yatskievych, & B. K. Holst (eds.). Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.

Struwe, L. & T. Motley (in press, est. 2006) Loganiaceae (including Antoniaceae, Geniostomaceae, Spigeliaceae, and Strychnaceae). In: Families and Genera of Flowering Plants (K. Kubitzki, ed.), vol. Asteridae-Gentianales (J. W. Kadereit, vol. ed.). Springer Verlag, Berlin.

Struwe, L., M. Thiv, J. Kadereit, T. Motley, A. S-R. Pepper, J. Rova, K. Potgieter, P. White, and V. A. Albert. 1998. Saccifolium (Saccifoliaceae), an endemic of Sierra de la Neblina on the Brazilian-Venezuelan frontier, is related to a temperate-alpine lineage of Gentianaceae. Harvard Papers in Botany 3: 199-214.

Struwe, L. & R. E. Weaver, Jr. 2001. Lisianthius perkinsiae, a new name for Lisianthius acuminatus Perkins (Gentianaceae: Potalieae). Taxon 50: 1161-1162.

Thiv, M., L. Struwe, V. A. Albert, & J. W. Kadereit. 1999. The phylogenetic relationships of Saccifolium bandeirae Maguire & Pires (Gentianaceae) reconsidered. Harvard Papers in Botany 4: 519-526.

Thiv, M., L. Struwe, & J. W. Kadereit. 1999 [2000]. The phylogenetic relationships and evolution of the Canarian laurel forest endemic Ixanthus viscosus (Alt.) Griseb. (Gentianaceae): evidence from matK and ITS sequence variation, and floral morphology and anatomy. Pl. Syst. Evol. 218: 299-317.

SELECTED ABSTRACTS (in chronological order)
 

Eisenman, S. H. E. Clennon, K. Dulatas, & L. Struwe. 2006. Ballast dumps from the late 1800’s and the introduction of non-native species to the eastern United States. Botany 2006 conference, Chico, CA, 28 July-3 Aug, 2006. [poster]

Frasier, C. & L. Struwe. 2006. A glimpse into the family tree of Strychnos (Loganiacecae) using ITS sequences. Botany 2006 conference, Chico, CA, 28 July-3 Aug, 2006.

Lepis, K. B., D. Kulakowski, & L. Struwe. 2006. A new taxonomic classification for Chelonanthus (Gentianaceae) as supported by ribosomal nuclear, chloroplast and morphological data. Botany 2006 conference, Chico, CA, 28 July-3 Aug, 2006. [poster]

Molina*, J., E. Green, & L. Struwe. 2006. Phenology and pollination of the ancestral grape relative Leea (Leeaceae/Vitaceae). Botany 2006 conference, Chico, CA, 28 July-3 Aug, 2006. [poster]

Struwe, L., R. G. Lathrop, & P. E. Smouse. 2006. Spatial Evolutionary and Ecological Vicariance Analysis of Biodiversity – a new interdisciplinary approach. Botany 2006 conference, Chico, CA, 28 July-3 Aug, 2006.

Mylecraine, K. A., G. L. Zimmermann, J. E. Kuser, L. Struwe, & P. E. Smouse. 2006. Developing Management and Restoration Strategies for Atlantic White-Cedar Based on Regional Patterns of Genetic Variation. Symposium: The Ecology and Management of Atlantic White-Cedar, Atlantic City, NJ, 6-8 June, 2006.

Kulakowski D., K. B. Lepis, & L. Struwe. 2006. Infraspecific variation and evaluation of nuclear versus chloroplast sequence data in a neotropical species complex (Chelonanthus alatus: Gentianaceae). New York Area Plant Molecular Biology Meeting, The New York Botanical Garden, 16 May, 2006. [poster]

Calió, F. A., J. R. Pirani, W. Peters, & L. Struwe. 2005. Prepusa and Senaea (Helieae-Gentianaceae): endangered and endemic genera from Brazil with six-merous flowers. IBC 2005, Vienna, Austria, 17-23 July 2005.  

Lepis, K. B., A. Gorczyca, & L. Struwe  2005. Common weeds to rare habitat specialists: Speciation and distribution patterns of Chelonanthus within South America. IBC 2005, Vienna, Austria, 17-23 July 2005.

 Gorczyca, A., K. B. Lepis, & L. Struwe. 2005. Determining the boundaries within the species complex Chelonanthus viridiflorus. Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005.

 Frasier, C. & L. Struwe. 2005. A phylogenetic inquiry into the angiosperm genus Strychnos (Loganiaceae) using ITS sequences Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005.

 Kinkade, M., A. M. Pohlit, & L. Struwe. 2005. Revision of Tachia (Gentianaceae): speciation patterns in South America using phylogenetic data from morphology and DNA Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005.

Miarmi, P., S. Haag, W. Peters, M. Kinkade, R. Lathrop, & L. Struwe. 2005. Evaluation of environmental-ecological data as a factor in distributional patterns in a Latin American plant genus using GIS. Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005. [poster]

Molina, J. & L. Struwe. 2005. The phylogeny and floral ecology of Leeaceae. Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005.

Peters, W., M. Kinkade, A. M. Pohlit, & L. Struwe. 2005. A trilingual field guide to Latin American Tachia (Gentianaceae) to aid in field identification of an anti-malarial plant genus. Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Penn State University, State College, PA, 18-20 March 2005. [poster]

Farrell, B. & L. Struwe. 2004. Taxonomic status and phylogeny of northern monkshood (Aconitum noveboracense, Ranunculaceae): an endangered species in North America. Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004. 

Frasier, C. & L. Struwe. 2004. Strychnos exposed! The evolutionary past of a pantropical Loganiaceae genus using ITS. Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004. 

Lepis, K. B., J. Jaworski, & L. Struwe. 2004. Teasing apart the hidden species within the widely distributed herb Chelonanthus alatus (Gentianaceae). Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004. 

Mylecraine, K. A., P. E. Smouse, J. E. Kuser, G. L. Zimmermann, & L. Struwe. 2004. Geographic variation in Atlantic white-cedar, Chamaecyparis thyoides (Cupressaceae). Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004.

Struwe, L. & Hatfield, C. A. 2004. A new method using parsimony to study vegetation patterns and biocomplexity in a spatial context. Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004. 

Struwe, L., M. Kinkade, & A. M. Pohlit. 2004. Systematics of Tachia (Gentianaceae): speciation patterns in the Amazon basin using GIS and phylogenetic data from morphology and DNA. Botany 2004 conference, Snowbird, Utah, 31 July-5 Aug, 2004. 

Struwe, L., K. Lepis, M. F. Calió, W. Peters, M. Kinkade, A. M. Pohlit, & J. Pirani. 2004. Exploring evolutionary patterns in Brazilian plant biodiversity using GIS and molecular systematics. North-South Americas Molecular Biology Conference. 8-10 Sep 2004, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

Hatfield, C. A. & L. Struwe. 2004. Linking spatial patterns with mechanisms for riparian vegetation distributions in stream networks. US-IALE 2004 meeting, Las Vegas, NV, 30 March-2 April 2004.

Bischoff, J. F., L. Struwe, & J. F. White, Jr. 2003. Evaluation of anamorphic states in Clavicipitaceae (Hypocreales) and their use in determining monophyly within the family. 2003 Annual Meeting of the Mycological Society of America, Monterey, CA, 27-31 July, 2003

Bischoff, J. F., J. F. White, & L. Struwe. 2003. Molecular support for the monophyly of the fungal plant pathogens Ustilaginoidea and Munkia and corroboration of their placement in the Clavicipitaceae.  Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 11-13 April 2003 [poster] 

Frasier, C. & L. Struwe. 2003. Systematics of Strychnos (Loganiaceae) using morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences.  Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 11-13 April 2003 [poster]

Grant, J. R. & L. Struwe. 2003. The genus Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae: Helieae) in Brazil. Brazilian Botanic Congress, Belém, Brazil, 13-17 July, 2003. [poster]

Hatfield, C. A. & L. Struwe. 2003. Parsimony analysis of vegetation data helps reveal spatial relationships in the riparian network. US-IALE 2003 meeting, April 2003.

Lepis, K. B. & L. Struwe. 2003. Biodiversity and evolution of Chelonanthus (Gentianaceae): the impact of phylogeny on conservation. Brazilian Botanic Congress, Belém, Brazil, 13-17 July, 2003. [poster]

Mylecraine, K. A., J. E. Kuser, G. L. Zimmermann, P. E. Smouse, & L. Struwe. 2003. Varietal status of Chamaecyparis thyoides var. henryae supported by allozyme and morphological data. Botany 2003 conference, Mobile, AL, Aug 2003  [poster]

Mylecraine, K. & L. Struwe. 2003. Chamaecyparis phylogeny inferred from molecular and morphological data.  Northeastern Ecology and Evolution Conference (NEEC), Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 11-13 April 2003 [poster]

Struwe, L., J. R. Grant, & K. R. Gould. 2003. Coronas and curved stamens: shape, size, and color in the floral evolution of tribe Helieae (Gentianaceae; Asteridae). Brazilian Botanic Congress, Belém, Brazil, 13-17 July, 2003. [poster]

Frasier, C. L., V. A. Albert, & L. Struwe. 2002. Comparison of biogeographic and phylogenetic patterns in a medicinally important gentian genus in Latin America (Potalia; Gentianaceae-Potalieae). Botany 2002 conference, Madison, WI, Aug 2002. [poster]

Gould, K. R. & L. Struwe. 2002. Phylogeny, biogeography and floral evolution of Symbolanthus and Wurdackanthus (Gentianaceae-Helieae) in the Guayana Highlands and Andes, based on ribosomal 5S-NTS sequences and morphology. Botany 2002 conference, Madison, WI, Aug 2002.

Struwe, L. 2002. Overview of the new classification of the gentian family (Gentianaceae: Asteridae). Botany 2002 conference, Madison, WI, Aug 2002. 

Struwe, L. 2002. Evolutionary diversity of floral merosity in Gentianaceae (Gentianales: Asteridae). Flowers meeting, Zürich, Switzerland, 5-7 July 2002. [poster]

Struwe, L., J. R. Grant, & K. R. Gould. 2002. Coronas and curved stamens: shape, size, and color in the floral evolution of tribe Helieae (Gentianaceae; Asteridae). Botany 2002 conference, Madison, WI, Aug 2002. [poster]

Grant, J. R. & L. Struwe. 2000. Morphological evolution and neotropical biogeography in Macrocarpaea (Gentianaceae: Helieae). American Journal of Botany 87 (suppl.): 131.

Potgieter, K., J. Rova, E. Wallander, V. A. Albert, & L. Struwe. 2000. Large molecular trnL intron phylogeny of the Gentianales. American Journal of Botany 87 (suppl.): 150.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 2000. Mycotrophic, non-chlorophyllous Voyria placed in Gentianaceae. American Journal of Botany 87 (suppl.): 161.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 2000. Supermerous corollas, fleshy fruits, and pantropical biogeography in Anthocleista, Fagraea, and Potalia (Gentianaceae). American Journal of Botany 87 (suppl.): 161.

Motley, T., L. Struwe, & V. A. Albert. 1998. Molecular systematics of Hawaiian Hedyotis (Rubiaceae). American Journal of Botany 85 (suppl.): 146 (abstract).

Pihlar, O., L. Struwe, & V. A. Albert. 1998. Neotropical Gentianaceae and white sands: biogeography and character evolution. American Journal of Botany 85 (suppl.): 150-151.

Struwe, L., M. Thiv, J. Kadereit, & V. A. Albert. 1998. Saccifolium (Saccifoliaceae): character evolution, biogeography, and placement inside Gentianaceae based on trnL intron sequences. American Journal of Botany 85 (suppl.) 85: 159.

Di Laurenzio, L., B. Johansen, L. Struwe, & V. A. Albert. 1997. Altered sepal identity in Clermontia (Campanulaceae): homeosis and floral diversification on the Hawaiian archipelago. American Journal of Botany 84 (suppl.): 186.

Di Laurenzio, L., L. Struwe, A. S.-R. Pepper, D. Kizirian, & V. A. Albert. 1997. Gene expression analysis of sepal identity in Clermontia (Lobelioideae: Campanulaceae): homeosis and floral diversification in the Hawaiian archipelago. Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology: Evolution of Plant Development, Taos, New Mexico: 309. [poster]

Struwe, L., P. White, A. S.-R. Pepper, & V. A. Albert. 1997. Relationships and basal groupings within Gentianaceae from morphological and trnL nucleotide sequence data. American Journal of Botany (suppl.): 236.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1996. Morphological cladistics of Gentianaceae. I. Phylogeny and character evolution, with emphasis on woody taxa of the neotropics. American Journal of Botany 83 (suppl.): 558.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1996. Morphological cladistics of Gentianaceae. II. Phylogeny and biogeography of tribe Potalieae (formerly Loganiaceae). American Journal of Botany 83 (suppl.): 559.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1996. Morphological cladistics of Gentianaceae. III. Phylogeny and biogeography of the saprophytic tribe Voyrieae. American Journal of Botany 83 (suppl.): 381.

Struwe, L. & V. A. Albert. 1996. Phylogenetics of Guayanan Gentianaceae. Flora of The Guianas Newsletter 11: 31-32.

Struwe, L. 1995. Loganiaceae and cladistic classification of Gentianales. Flora Malesiana symposium '95, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: 32.

Bremer, B., R. K. Jansen, & L. Struwe. 1990. Phylogenetic analysis of the Rubiaceae, and its possible sister-group, based on chloroplast DNA restriction site variation and morphology. American Journal of Botany 77 (suppl.): 109.